Product Quality Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Item Quality Testing - Essay Example The unavoidable issue here is how much testing should be done, in light of the fact that the testing requires time, which is valuable on the grounds that the customers and clients need the item as quickly as time permits. The paper will incorporate sources that will be utilized so as to help the subject of how much testing should be done so as to guarantee a decent quality item and to show that there is an issue when to an extreme or too small testing is finished. A survey of writing will be introduced to show how we think of the end. The survey incorporates the investigation done by Rothman (2001) on discharge models. Rothman (2001) handles when to discharge a product/Also in the article composed by Barbara Tallent (2008) she examines when it is sufficient for testing and discharges it in advertise. Toward the finish of the paper an end was given and the paper will attempt to locate the most appropriate answer on the tended to address. In the article composed by Johanna Rothman (2001) Discharge Criteria: Defining the Rules of the Product Release Game, he examines the issues include in discharging the item early. He additionally bring up that the choice of discharging the item originates from the more significant position authority of the association as a rule the creation administrators. The article incorporates the instance of Rita who heads the group in creating programming. The creation director is being constrained by the clients and requirements to discharge the item as quickly as time permits. So as to do so Rita and PM discharges models for the group to choose. The measure incorporates; All code must accumulate and work for all stages Zero high need bugs For every single open bug, documentation in discharge notes with workarounds All arranged QA tests run, in any event 90 percent pass. Number of open imperfections diminishing throughout the previous three weeks. Highlight x unit tried by designers, framework tried by QA, checked with clients A, B before discharge. Every open imperfection assessed by cross-practical group. The choice in discharging the item at prior time ought to agree to the discharge measures. The discharge standards goals are explicit, quantifiable, feasible, applicable, and identifiable. Before discharging the item it should settled upon by the whole venture group and comprehended by senior administration. The purposes behind such discharge should be sensible enough. Rothman (2001) in the article utilizes the discharge standards to assess whether the item can be discharge or not. This additionally evaluates the whole venture and the forecast of an early notice on the approaching issue on the item. In light of the article an item can be discharged as long as it consents to the discharge measures made by the group. Another survey on the youthful arrival of the item is appeared in the article composed by Bernadette Tallent (2008). In this article she introduced a contextual investigation wherein the VP of advertising for a product organization was going to discharge another item. The item was inadequate and the group knows it. Broad client testing on the item has been done and they reasoned that the item was feeling the loss of a few key highlights. Gatherings have been done to evaluate whether to discharge the item in the market. So as to choose in discharging or not discharging the item the gathering recorded exchange offs: Motivations to Release The item was steady The item was expected to be declared at an Internet World - in the event that we missed the discharge date we would miss the

Whos Home And Native Land Essay Example For Students

Whos Home And Native Land? Article Whos Home And Native Land?Over the previous decades, Aboriginal individuals (the first individuals or indigenous tenants of a specific nation), have been persecuted by the Canadian culture and keep on living under bigotry bringing about sex/class mistreatment. The historical backdrop of Colonialism, and Capitalism has assumed a noteworthy job in the development and effect of how Aborignal individuals are dealt with and seen by and by in the Canadian culture. The battles, shameful acts, bias, and separation that have tormented Aboriginal people groups for over three centuries are as yet dismal real factors today. The disappointments of Canada’s bigot strategies toward Aboriginal people groups are reflected in the elevated levels of joblessness and poor training. Directly, the state shapes the development and social multiplication of prejudice, racialization, and sexism as experienced by Aboriginal individuals in Canada. We will compose a custom exposition on Whos Home And Native Land? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Imperialism is a procedure by which European influence assumes responsibility for and overwhelms and abuses an indigenous gathering by appropriating their property and assets, removing their riches, and utilizing them as modest work. In Canada, the British dodged the Aboriginals (indigenous individuals), with their vision of making an entrepreneur society. The vision was to have Aboriginal individuals produce wares off their own territory as an end-result of products. - Thus started subjugation in Canada. Here and there, vendor capital frequently needed to utilize power to change pre-industrialist social orders so as to present ware relations and creation. â€Å" It was imperative to vendor capital that the current pre-entrepreneur relations of creation be fortified and propagated so as to ensure the necessary creation of products. Customary relations of creation proceeded, not in their autonomous structure, however as another type of relations of creation fused into entrepreneur relations of exploitation.† (Bourgeault, 43). The British were keen on the creation and course of hide as a ware on the planet showcase and needed work. The Indians were the main accessible wellspring of gifted work, so they turned out to be a piece of the creation procedure. From Colonialization, Capitalism came which brought about the breaking down of common and populist social orders that the indigenous made, which thus, turned into the misused work power in the ware creation. European ethnocentrism and prejudice additionally influenced examples of Aboriginal socialization. Since most whites saw all parts of indigenous life to be socially and ethically substandard, preachers put forth attempts to kill the libertarianism customs of Aboriginal social orders and to advance the standards of the prevailing European man centric culture. The apparent contrasts among people prompted social destruction. Free enterprise is a monetary and social framework that centers around quest for benefit. It has likewise included the nearness of trade of merchandise for cash or different merchandise, and the association of creation and conveyance of products . One case of this is the Hudson’s Bay hide exchange. â€Å" The hide exchange of the Hudson’s Bay bowl at first changed the indigenous shared social orders so as to misuse Indian work in the item creation of fur† (Bourgeault, 41). Private enterprise utilizes showcase relations (counting class relationship) â€Å"†¦Capitalism focused in the Red River Colony, class and race divisions built up strengthened. The contention between the indigenous bourgeoisie lined up with other Indian and Metis delivering classes and the British dealer class over the collection of capital .. (Bourgeault, 42)†. Free enterprise could be viewed as the beginning of dynamic prejudice and isolation. At the point when British provinces attacked in Native individuals of Canada, the arrangement of people into race types was started causing the misuse of the indigenous. The Aboriginal individuals were in the long run transformed into slaves with the goal that the provinces would acquire benefit. They were additionally isolated and placed into their own networks to gain proficiency with their new man centric life. Racialization is the possibility that race relations don't exist, yet centers around whycertain relations between bunches become characterized by reference to race. Racializationrefers to examples of collaboration that reflect view of organic contrasts toaccount for contrasts and likenesses. It additionally involves the possibility that specific thoughts oractivities become connected with race. Aboriginals are racialized by Canadians, in that theyare contributed with negative organically decided characteristics that are viewed as making issues, representing a danger to society, and giving undesirable rivalry to rare assets. In the seventeenth century, hide and land would be viewed as a danger to needed shortcomings by the British and their settlements. A case of a progressively present inclusion of the Canadian government over land would be the contest of the Meech Lake Accord in Oka, Quebec. By and by, Canadians are battling for consecrated land that has a place w ith the Aboriginals. .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .postImageUrl , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:hover , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:visited , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:active { border:0!important; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:active , .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uefbc442776a7 ec0669edf8092d4568d8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uefbc442776a7ec0669edf8092d4568d8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Courage in Individuals in On Being Seventeen, T EssayRacism can be followed to the mercantilist time of European industrialist advancement, just as sex mistreatment. The two beginnings can be followed to pre-industrialist social orders and the ascent of class divisions. Continuing the misuse of relations of class and mistreatment, racial abuse started. â€Å" Racism is a belief system and as such it works fair and square of the extra-monetary. The patriot belief system as it turned out to be firmly coincided with the social and monetary interests of rising capitalism† (Bourgeault, 45). As the mutual society gradually bl urred by British mastery, ladies started to feel the sexual orientation abuse. An absence of populism made numerous ladies seriously burdened. Negative pictures make it hard to perceive the positive commitments of Aboriginal ladies to network life and social change. The individuals who lost status due to union with non-Aboriginal guys have been punished through the hardship of Indian rights. Accordingly, ladies lost the dynamic forces they had over their work and the utilization if the merchandise they delivered. Today, Aboriginal ladies are the most defrauded bunch in Canadian culture. These ladies needed to go up against all types of segregation (sexual orientation, race, and class). Law built up by chauvinist white men, decided the new male centric character of local ladies. Financially, local ladies are more helpless than non-Aboriginal ladies are, and native men corresponding to levels of pay and work openings. The strict associations entering Canada had two essential objective s: One was to Christianize the Natives and the other, to teach the Natives. â€Å"Protestantism, with its accentuation on fill in just as confidence, was considerably more dangerous of Native culture. Since the Protestant ministers point of convergence was Western Canada, there were rehashed endeavors to agriculturalize the Natives and power them to sink into set up Native communities† (Frideres, 88). By doing this, the Natives had to absorb into European culture, which caused abuse and the breaking down of their way of life and society. The state greatly affects society and standards since it impacts popular feeling through arrangement and authoritative techniques. Enrollment is characterized based on claim and plummet from a typical family. Through the Canadian Charter of rights, the state should speak to, support, and shield networks that experience the ill effects of racial segregation

Compound Plurals

Compound Plurals Compound Plurals Compound Plurals By Maeve Maddox Most English things structure their plurals by including - s: kid/young men; house/houses. At the point when the thing is aggravate, the inquiry some of the time emerges regarding which word ought to get the plural completion. Concerning American use, the Chicago Manual of Style suggests that scholars counsel Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary for â€Å"tricky† mixes like dads in-law, courts-military, and culinary specialists d’oeuvre, including, â€Å"For those not recorded, presence of mind can for the most part give the answer.† I have a great deal of regard for the Chicago Manual of Style, however prescribing good judgment to decide right utilization appears to be somewhat hopeful. Compound things are of three sorts: open, shut, and hyphenated. Not all specialists concur with regards to which will be which or where the plural goes. Open mixes are composed as isolated words: Fabulous Jury Knight Templar post office court military free lunch The chief word in the compound takes the plural: Stupendous Juries Knights Templar post workplaces courts military free snacks Note: According to the OED, court martials is erroneous; M-W gives courts military as the principal plural, yet in addition acknowledges court martials. Most shut mixes structure the plural toward the finish of the word: toothbrush/toothbrushes hair style/hair styles grasshopper/grasshoppers writing board/slates room/rooms In any case, bystander/bystanders Like open mixes, hyphenated compound things pluralize the head wordif there is one. The chief word will be a thing. A few mixes have more than one thing; others have none. At the point when the compound has two things, sound judgment should disclose to you which one is the chief word. relative/mothers by marriage battleship/men-of-war carousel/carousels (no chief word) disregard me-not/overlook me-nots (no chief word) substitute/substitutes (no chief word) A few mixes are hyphenated in the Oxford English Dictionary and composed as single word in Merriam-Webster: set-back (OED) mishap (M-W) drop-out (OED) dropout (M-W) hold-up (OED) robbery (M-W) stepsister (OED) relative (M-W) A few speakers experience difficulty with things that end in - ful, confounding, for instance, among cupfuls and cupsful. This is a case wherein presence of mind ought to most likely prompt against counseling M-W. In spite of the fact that the M-W sections for cupful, bunch, and armful rundown the plurals cupfuls, bunches, and armfuls first, they give cupsful, handsful, and armsful as elective spellings. Moreover, the spelling handfull is in there as a â€Å"also.† My American spellchecker doesn't face any of these other options. Cupsful doesn’t cut it since compound things are comprised of at least two words that can be utilized all alone. For instance, the words in the compound cop can be utilized independently: â€Å"The man required the police.† The component ful in cupful isn't a word; it’s a postfix. Sound judgment reveals to me that cupsful is off base. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsI wish I were...

What Is a Good ACT Score for Scholarships

Whats a Good ACT Score for Scholarships? The short answer? In many cases, above 30 is a good ACT score for scholarships. The Long Answer Ah, good for you, reading on! The long answer to this question is: which scholarship? At which school? Scoring above 30 puts you in the 90th percentile of ACT test-takers, which means that youve scored better than 90 out of every 100 students who take the exam (click to read more on ACT scores and score percentiles). 30+ is a great score, but scholarships can be available for students scoring in the mid-20s or even lower—it just depends on which scholarships youre applying for. Actually, you may be surprised at how much money you can get for those ACT points! We did a study of scholarships based on ACT scores, and heres a sampling of what we found from across the ACT score spectrum. Scholarships Available for Various ACT Scores ACT ScoreScholarshipAmount Per YearFor More Information... 14+The AIEF [American Indian Education Foundation] Undergraduate Scholarship Program$2,000The AIEF Undergraduate Scholarship Program 15+King's Daughters Health Foundation Health Career Scholarship$2,500King's Daughters Health Foundation Health Career Scholarship 18+Hungry to Lead Scholarship$5,500Hungry to Lead 20+The Full Impact Foundation Scholarship Award$2,000The Full Impact Foundation Scholarship Award 21+CIA Undergraduate Scholarship Program$18,000CIA Undergraduate Scholarship Program 24+Catch a Break! Scholarship Program$40,000Catch a Break 27+OCCACC Scholarship$20,000OCCACC Scholarship 29+ExxonMobil/LNESC Scholarship$20,000ExxonMobil/LNESC Scholarship 31+UM Missoula Presidential Leadership Scholarship$37,492UM Missoula Presidential Leadership Scholarship 32+University of Georgia Foundation Fellowship$19,458University of Georgia Foundation Fellowship Big Caveat: Many of these scholarships have other qualifying criteria that you have to meet to receive them. These range from the common (state residency is a big one!) to the uncommon (uhever considered working for the CIA?). Also, keep in mind that an ACT score isnt always just one ACT score. Some scholarships will want to see particular subsection scores above certain points. For example, engineering scholarships may want your science scores to be in the top ten percentile (which is actually a 27), but not care so much about your scores on the English test. This varies so much by field, scholarship, and school, that youll definitely want to take a look at websites to make sure youre eligible. How Much? Ah, down to brass tacks! It really depends. At Indiana University, you could get a couple hundred dollars—or a couple thousand, depending on your field of study, where youre from, and your competition. Other schools might offer full rides: Baylor offers up to $41,996 a year (!) thats for a 36. Dont be discouraged if youre not rockin it Good Will Hunting style, though: even with a 29, you could be eligible for up to $37,996 a year at that same institution. At Emory University, with admissions rates at only 26%, a 31 on the ACT can still get you a $21,345 scholarship. There are also a fair number of scholarships that youll get automatically with certain scores—that is, if you remember to apply! At Southeast Missouri State University, a 33 can get you free tuition and fees when you have a 3.9 GPA and are taking at least 30 credits. Granted, thats tough; but thats also a huge amount of money. Even if you dont think youre eligible for scholarships, it doesnt hurt to check†¦and double-check. With a GPA of 3.0 and a 24 ACT score (remember, the average is 21), you could still get up to $7,000 a year at Oklahoma State University. Get that score even higher—above 30—and you can get up to $12,500 a year. A Final Note Remember, scholarships—and average test scores—are changing all the time, so do your research before you spend hours writing a personal statement only to find that youve applied for funding only available to students from Togo studying Underwater Basket Weaving (unless you ARE a student from Togo studying Underwater Basket Weaving, in which case†¦congratulations!) The bottom line is that theres a lot of money out there, and you may be surprised to find out how much youre eligible for. At the end of the day, it doesnt hurt to go for it! Those dollars add up quickly in college, and that ACT score just may make all the difference. If you need more practice to increase your score, check out Magoosh ACT prep. Cheers!

Edad en peticiones de green card y otras solicitudes

En Estados Unidos la edad juega un papel fundamental en peticiones de la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card, y otros beneficios migratorios como el asilo, programas humanitarios, loterà ­a de visas, etc. La edad determina quià ©n puede pedir ciertos beneficios migratorios para familiares, y tambià ©n quià ©n puede recibirlos, por derecho propio o porque puede ser incluido en la peticià ³n de su padre o madre. Cabe destacar que desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratoria y en contra de lo que a menudo se piensa, un menor –a quien se denomina child– no es la persona que no ha cumplido  la mayorà ­a de edad. Por el contrario, un nià ±o para Inmigracià ³n puede ser una persona menor de 16 aà ±os, de 18 o de 21, dependiendo del tipo de peticià ³n. En todos los casos, el menor debe permanecer soltero para mantener la consideracià ³n de menor. Casos en los que la edad afecta a la peticià ³n de la green card por familia La edad juega un papel en las peticiones de la green card, pero solo en determinados supuestos, destacando: Peticià ³n de ciudadano estadounidense a hijo/a Los ciudadanos pueden pedir la tarjeta de residencia para sus hijos. Se distinguen tres situaciones, segà ºn la edad y estado civil de los mismos. Hijos soltero menor de 21 aà ±osHijos soltero mayor de 21 aà ±osHijo casado de cualquier edad Solo los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os son considerados como familiares inmediatos del ciudadano. Esa categorà ­a especial posibilita que ese menor pueda adquirir la green card por peticià ³n del padre o madre en aproximadamente 12 -18 meses. Si desde la peticià ³n de la green card y su aprobacià ³n el hijo cumple los 21 aà ±os de edad todavà ­a puede optar a obtener los papeles en esa categorà ­a porque se considera que su edad se ha congelado en el momento de presentacià ³n de la solicitud. Por el contrario, las otras dos categorà ­as reciben respectivamente el nombre de F1 y F3 y son peticiones que tardan aà ±os en resolverse. El boletà ­n de visas es documento a consultar para orientarse sobre el tiempo de demora. Por otro lado, en las peticiones de un hijo en la categorà ­a F1 o F3 se puede incluir a los hijos de tales hijos, siempre y cuando permanezcan solteros y tengan menos de 21 aà ±os en el momento de aprobarse su visa de inmigrante. Si en el momento de la tramitacià ³n final esos hijos han cumplido ya los 21 aà ±os de edad no podrà ¡n obtener la green card de esta manera. Se les considera lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como age out. Es decir, la edad los ha dejado fuera. No importa que la peticià ³n se hubiera presentado cuando eran unos nià ±os pequeà ±os. Peticià ³n de ciudadano para sus hijastros Aplican las mismas condiciones que para las peticiones de hijos biolà ³gicos, tal y como se han explicado en el apartado anterior, pero con un requisito mà ¡s: el matrimonio entre el ciudadano y padre o madre del muchacho/a para el que se desea pedir los papeles tiene que haberse celebrado antes de que dicho muchacho hubiera cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad. Visa de inmigrante K-2 para hijos de prometido/a de ciudadano estadounidense Los ciudadanos pueden solicitar una visa K-2 para los hijos de sus novios siempre y cuando dichos hijos està ©n solteros y tengan menos de 21 aà ±os cumplidos. Peticià ³n de residente permanente para hijo/a Los residentes permanente pueden solicitar a sus hijos solteros. Los menores de 21 aà ±os caen en la categorà ­a que se conoce F2A y los mayores de dicha edad son considerados como F2B. La primera peticià ³n tarda menos aà ±os que la segunda. Los residentes permanentes no pueden pedir a hijos casados, sin que importe la edad. Excepciones a la regla general de edad en peticiones de green card La Ley de Proteccià ³n del Estatus del Menor (CSPA, ver el texto completo en inglà ©s) entrà ³ en vigor en 2002 y permite que ciertas personas para las que ya se ha pedido una green card antes de cumplir los 21 aà ±os y que cumplen dicha edad antes de finalizarse la tramitacià ³n sigan siendo consideradas como nià ±os (child) hasta la finalizacià ³n de la misma. Estos son los tres casos: Si un ciudadano americano pide a un hijo/a soltero menor de 21 aà ±os En este caso, la edad del hijo se congela en la fecha en la que se ha presentado ante el USCIS la forma I-130. Por ejemplo, si el hijo tiene 20 aà ±os y nueve meses y su visa està ¡ disponible cuando ya tiene 22, se le sigue considerando a estos efectos como menor de 21 aà ±os. Si un residente permanente legal pide a un hijo/a En este caso la edad del muchacho se congela si el padre o la madre que es residente se convierte en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n antes de que el hijo alcance los 21. En estos casos se considera como edad del chico la que tenà ­a en la fecha de la jura del progenitor como ciudadano americano. Generalmente, eso beneficia al pedido que podrà ­a obtener antes la green card. Sin embargo, eso no siempre ocurre asà ­, y se tiene que verificar si es mà ¡s rà ¡pido para el hijo seguir siendo un F2B o pasar a la categorà ­a de F1, para hijos solteros de ciudadanos. Si es mà ¡s conveniente lo primero,  comunicà ¡rselo por carta al USCIS,  diciendo que se opta por seguir en la categorà ­a de hijo de residente. Por à ºltimo recordar que tanto en el caso de peticià ³n de residente convertido en ciudadano o de ciudadano que pidià ³ a su hijo, se tiene un aà ±o para proseguir los trà ¡mites para adquirir la green card mediante la presentacià ³n del formulario que le corresponda: I-824, Accià ³n sobre una aplicacià ³n o peticià ³n aprobada.I-485, Ajuste de estatus, si està ¡ ya viviendo en Estados Unidos.DS-230, Aplicacià ³n por una visa de inmigrante, que debe tramitarse en la oficina consular que corresponda. En otras palabras, se debe proceder con los trà ¡mites sin demora porque hay que recordar que no es suficiente con tener aprobado el I-130. Refugiados y casos de asilo Los refugiados y asilados pueden pedir una green card para sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Se entiende que cumplen con este requisito si esa era su situacià ³n en el momento en el que uno de los progenitores presentà ³ el formulario I-589, Aplicacià ³n para asilo o el I-590, Registro como refugiado. La edad en peticiones de green card por razones diferentes a familia La edad tambià ©n afecta a casos de peticiones de green card por razones diferentes a familia, como por ejemplo, la loterà ­a, asilo,  patrocinio de empresa, inversià ³n, etc.  En estos casos, el beneficiario podrà ¡ incluir en su misma solicitud a su cà ³nyuge y a sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Por ejemplo, Anà ­bal Là ³pez està ¡ casado y tiene dos hijos, uno de 19 aà ±os y el otro de 21. Y gana la loterà ­a de visas de la diversidad. Anà ­bal podrà ¡ emigrar a Estados Unidos junto con su esposa y su hijo de 19 aà ±os, cada uno con su propia green card. Sin embargo, el hijo de 21 aà ±os no obtiene los papeles. La solucià ³n en estos casos es que Anà ­bal o su esposa, una vez en Estados Unidos, puedan iniciar los trà ¡mites como residentes para pedir a un hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os.   Edad y seguro mà ©dico en las visas de inmigrante para la residencia A partir del 3 de noviembre de 2019, los solicitantes de la visa de inmigrante deberà ¡n probar que pueden adquirir seguro mà ©dico en los 30 dà ­as siguientes a su ingreso a EE.UU. o tienen recursos econà ³micos suficientes para hacer frente a previsibles gastos mà ©dicos. De esta regla està ¡n excluidos los menores de 18 aà ±os, siempre y cuando acompaà ±en a uno de sus padres o guardià ¡n legal, el cual sà ­ debe cumplir con esa obligacià ³n. Edad y el Estatus de Inmigrantes Especiales Juveniles Este programa, conocido como SIJS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s, permite obtener la tarjeta de residencia a los muchachos indocumentados presentes en EE.UU. y que han sido abusados, abandonados o tratados con negligencia por sus padres y cuyo mejor interà ©s sea permanecer en los Estados Unidos. La edad para beneficiarse de este programa es 18 o 21 aà ±os, dependiendo del estado en el que el muchacho reside. Edad y DACA En el programa especial para jà ³venes indocumentados conocido como DACA, los beneficiados deben cumplir, entre otros requisitos, el de haber llegado a EE.UU. antes de haber cumplido los 16 aà ±os de edad. Tampoco podà ­an tener mà ¡s de 30 en el momento en que aplicaron. La edad del ciudadano para pedir papeles Los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden solicitar la green card para sus padres y hermanos, pero para presentar la solicitud deben haber cumplido los 21 aà ±os de edad.   Si està ¡n casados sà ­ pueden pedir a su cà ³nyuge, porque el matrimonio los ha convertido en adultos a los ojos de Inmigracià ³n. Ciudadanà ­a estadounidense y edad La edad tambià ©n puede afectar a la ciudadanà ­a en diversas situaciones. Asà ­, para adquirirla por derecho de sangre es necesario cumplir todos los requisitos antes de cumplir los 18 aà ±os. Por otra parte, los residentes permanentes legales menores de 18 aà ±os pueden adquirir automà ¡ticamente la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense cuando uno de sus padres se convierte en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n. Tambià ©n se puede adquirir por adopcià ³n y, en casos excepcionales, por naturalizacià ³n por derecho derivado de un abuelo. Cà ³mo afecta la edad en las visas no inmigrantes Muchas de las visas no inmigrantes, como por ejemplo la de estudiante, intercambio o temporales de trabajo  permiten a su titular traer a su familia a Estados Unidos por el tiempo que dure su estancia.   En estos casos las familias gozan de lo que se conoce como visas derivadas, ya que dependen de la del principal. Y en estos casos por familia hay que entender el cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Por ejemplo, Carmen Vega es enviada por su empresa a Estados Unidos con una visa L-1 de transfer y le acompaà ±an su esposo y sus hijos menores de 21 aà ±os. Todos estos con una L-2. Pero durante la estancia el hijo mayor cumple los 21. Como ya no puede disfrutar de una visa derivada tiene que salir de Estados Unidos o quedarse pero con una visa de la que es su propio titular. Por ejemplo, una F-1 porque està ¡ estudiando en la universidad. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la green card Finalmente, para todos los lectores interesados en la tarjeta de residencia, este test brinda una oportunidad sencilla de informarse sobre aspectos fundamentales para sacar la green card y conservarla sin problemas. Puntos Clave: edad en peticiones y beneficios migratorios Peticiones de ciudadano para hijo: menor de 21 es familiar inmediato, mayor de 21 y soltero es F1 y casado de cualquier edad F3.Peticiones de ciudadano a hijastro: matrimonio de ciudadano y padre/madre de hijastro debe haberse celebrado antes de que el hijo/a hubiera cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad.Peticiones de visa K-2 para hijos de novio/a de ciudadano: solteros menores de 21 aà ±os.Peticiones de residente para hijos solteros: menos de 21 aà ±os es un F2A, 21 o mà ¡s e u n F2B.Transmisià ³n de ciudadanà ­a americana por derecho de sangre: todos los requisitos deben cumplirse antes de haber cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad.Visas de inmigrante o no inmigrante derivadas: se puede incluir a los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os.Asilo: pueden adquirir la green card los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de la persona que obtiene el asilo.Estatus Especial de Inmigrante Juvenil: pueden adquirir los papeles si son menores de 18 o de 21, depende del estado de residencia.Peticià ³ n de ciudadano de green card para padres o hermanos: tiene que haber cumplido 21 aà ±os de edad. Este artà ­culo tiene un fin meramente informativo. No es ayuda legal.

Same-sex Rights Should Be a Federal Matter - 821 Words

Title My struggle to come to this country was epic. I crossed four border lines and spent almost a year to get to the United States of America. I didn’t care. I could repeat every step and face every fear I had during my journey because I reached my goal, living in a free country where your dreams become true and the government protects your rights and your freedoms, but this isn’t the truth for everybody living in America. There are no dreams come true for the homosexual people. They don’t enjoy the same warranties heterosexuals are granted. Getting married, raised a child, or grow emotionally and economically together arent rights that the federal government grant to homosexuals because they were left to the states to decide, and only a few have taken a step forward this matter. It loos like the constitution wasn’t being applied to people with a different sexual orientation. Same-sex rights should be a federal matter as opposed to a state matter. Th erefore, the federal government should assure In our Declaration of Independence the founding fathers clearly stated that everyone is entitled to â€Å"the pursuit of happiness.† A basic right and something that most people strive for, is the creation of a happy and stable family. Same-sex couples are being left aside this civil right. They can’t pursuit their happiness thru marriage because this contract that goes beyond the emotional connection betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Legalizing Same Sex Marriage1251 Words   |  6 Pagesjurisdictions, two people of the same sex (Physcology Today , 2015 ). Marriage is an important part of our society. The emotional bond between two lovers is the strongest bond and most sacred (Anderson, 2013 ). However there are people who get left out because their partner is not of the same gender as they are. The debate on legalising same sex marriage is an important issue as it surrounds its concern on both the human rights portion as well as the moral rights. Many people claim that ‘non-heterosexualityRead MoreDo State Laws Prohibit Same Sex Marriage Violate The United States Constitution1444 Words   |  6 Pagesstate laws prohibiting same-sex marriage violate the United States Constitution? This is a question that will be presented before the United States Supreme Court. Four states with bans restricting marriage to a union between one man and one woman will be considered. The question at hand relies on the Court’s interpretation of the 14th Amendment in both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protections Clause; the Court will also have to consider the question of State’s rights and whether the StateRead MoreRights of Same-Sex Couples as Parents Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagessix allow same-sex couples to get married, even fewer allow same-sex couples their full rights as parents. State laws aren’t the only laws to blame; some federal laws also inhibit same-sex marriage, be nefits, adoption, and parenting rights. There are even laws prohibiting same-sex couples from becoming adoptive parents altogether. Rights should not be limited because of sexual orientation, race, religion, gender, or creed; that’s discrimination. Same-sex couples who want to be parents should have theRead More Should Marriage Be Left To The States? Essays1696 Words   |  7 PagesMy short answer is quot;noquot;, but let me explain. Before answering what I think the situation should be, it is helpful to look at what the situation is. Currently family law is a matter left to a great extent to the states. States have the power to decide who may marry, the legal process required to do so, and what the legal consequences of that marriage are within the state. In all these matters states differ from each other. The state is limited in its actions, though, to the requirement ofRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Respected1123 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, same-sex marriage shou ld be respected at the same level as traditional opposite-sex marriage. â€Å"Marriage is the ultimate affirmation of a sexual relationship. Marriage is the institution in which we not only tolerate people having sex and housing children, but we encourage it and celebrate it as a society† (Foust 3). Most states attempted to avoid the same-sex marriage issue by defining marriage between man and woman, but that soon became an unexpected controversial issue (â€Å"Same-Sex MarriageRead MoreThe Loving Story By Writers Nancy Buirski And Susie Ruth Powell928 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their rights to be married and live together. Today, that struggle to fight for human rights has veered towards the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and transgender LGBT community. Do the LGBT community have the same basic human rights as interracial couples? Well, according to the universal declaration of human rights; every human is free and equal and are all born free also these rights belong to everybody, no matter their Wilson 2 differences. Therefore, same-sex marriages deserves the same basic humanRead MoreEssay on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1565 Words   |  7 PagesRecognizing Same-Sex Marriage Same-sex marriage is a huge controversy between Americans across the Country. In thirty-three states marriage is defined as a â€Å"union between a man and a woman†. For seventeen states in the U.S. this definition has been changed because every citizen should be treated equally according to the constitution and this also violates the Equal Protection Clause. It became possible for people of the same-sex to marry when it was stated to be unconstitutional. Denying marriageRead MoreGay Marriage Should be Legal Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the issue of same-sex marriage. As the debate intensifies, emotional ones quickly replace rational thoughts. Lately, homosexuals carry out most of the fight for the right to be married. Of course, there are several other situations, in which people attempt to challenge traditional matrimony. There was the man who tried to marry his horse. Mormons still practice polygamy, but just as these scenarios do not fit the definition of m arriage, neither does same-sex marriage. Civil unions wereRead MoreThe Issue on Same-Sex Marriage Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesSame sex marriage is considered one of the most major global issues today. So what is same-sex marriage? Same-sex marriage is a socially recognized marriage between two people of the same biological sex or social gender. Same-sex marriage is a social, moral, political and civil rights issue in many nations. The conflict that arises over whether same-sex couples should be allowed to enter into marriage be required to use a different status, or not have any such rights. Also, the federal governmentRead MoreThe purpose of this policy brief is to recommend to the State of Florida a policy that will1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this policy brief is to recommend to the State of Florida a policy that will legalize same-sex marriage and acknowledge same-sex marriages recognized by laws in other states. This policy is necessary because current laws in Florida that restrict marriage to different-sex couples violate the US Constitution’s commitment to equal protection under the law and because the Due Process Clause protects individuals freedoms of personal choices, which includes their choice to marry and have

Psychology - Community & Health

Question: Describe about the Psychology, Community Health? Answer: Introduction The connections between the governments, citizens of the country and communities on a matter of policy and service issues are called Community engagement. The word community engagement denotes the integrate sharing of details and active participation of government and communities. Engagement can be direct or indirect. Effective communitys engagement facilitates citizens and the communities to understand the procedure which the government make and enables them to actively participate in the government process through the addition of skills, knowledge and confidence. The amount of participation the citizens involve on decision making increases depends on the level of engagement. But the authority of the final decision lies with the government. Community Profile I have been involved in Planet Aid UK. This project was implemented in 2010. I along with the Planet Aid UK engaged in the activity to supports the Zimbabwean community in Northampton in the course of engagement withthe Zimbabwe women of Northamptonshire. Food is the basic need for every societys culture. A world wide trend are growing and consuming the local food. The main aim of this engagement is supporting local producer and nourishing biodiversity(Brown, 2011). Planet Aid UK and I was encouraging the youth of Zimbabwe to engage with their own community. Developing awareness of the social and cultural aspects of food and its genesis is the main focal point of the Planet Aid UK. We supported womens youth group of Zimbabwe so that they could buy garden equipments for their allocation in 2011.(Harris, 2004) Techniques used to engage with community The Zimbabwean women teach the youth how growing their own vegetables are important. They introduced different art activities and plantation of trees along with their other activities which leads to the project become more popularity. In the year 2012 in winter Planet Aid UK, Zimbabwean women and I organised an event which was held in UK Clothes For Trees, to support DAPP Zimbabwe of planting 25000 trees which raised 5000 fund. In this event I had participated and lend my helping hand by planting trees with them. The first Zimbabwean youth summer camp was recognised in the summer in 2012. Planet Aid UK and I organised an art exhibition in a local museum with the theme of Beautiful Africa in the spring in 2013 to support the Zimbabwean community. Zimbabwean artists made different type of beautiful art pieces which made the whole community to proud of the origins they belong. (Smith, Williamson and Plec, 2010) Planet Aid UK and I adopted some techniques in order to fulfil our objectives we had organised workshops, community meetings and local events.Stakeholders meetings and roundtables are organised by us.(Authors, 2013)A public seminar that is conversation with the public and city talkswas introduced, in which I had given a speech regarding Planet Aid community and its activities.Information regarding the activity and object of the community is given on the City of UK websites.A community and stakeholder reference group was introduced.(Eskerod and Jepsen, 2013)101 workshops and business forums, conduct surveys relating to a community satisfaction survey. We introduced customer service, neighbourhood service centres. Organisation of workshops, community meetings and local events will help us to relate with public and the government. It will provide the opportunity to the citizen and government to share their views with us and it will invite the opinion from them to improve the services provided by us. Stakeholders meeting and roundtables are organised because stakeholders help in decision making process. Stakeholders provides with valuable input so it is important that stakeholder meeting must be organised. Public seminars that are conversation with the public and city talks are introduced. It helps to know about the situation of the citizen of the country, or their expectations, their views and suggestions regarding our community program. Conversation with the public is the only way by which we could know what the current situation is or how the program is working in their lives. Information regarding the activity and object of our community is given on the UK websites. This is the best technique by which public could know about the project related work or what is the project all about and the interested people can also join the group. A workshop in school must be organised by the community because through this workshop we can educate the people about the importance of growing their own food and importance of planting trees.(Holloway, 2014) We had conducted the survey to know the numbers of people are satisfied with us or how much they are satisfied; this will helpus to launch new programs according to the requirement of the population. I was also involved in the fund raising activities of Planet Aid UK which includes clothes collection, sorting and sale of clothes and clothing bank manufacture.(Rosso and Tempel, 2003). Citizen Participation: The economy will stay on top of the ladder. In this satge there is no depenmdence on the outsider. They are totaly indipendent. They grow their own food. At the the top of ladder Delegated Power and Citizen Control, have-not citizens obtain the majority of decision-making seats, or full managerial power. Activities Collection of clothes is one of the most important means of raising funds for Planet Aid UK. For the collection of used clothes and shoes we have our collection banks which are located in all over the UK. Moreover, for collection of clothes we have made a small community banks which are small containers that occupies less space and we can be placed it to any alternative locations.(Community Banks, Inc. (PA), 2007). All the clothing banks that are placed in many areas are emptied each and every day and the collected clothes are taken to our warehouse which is situated in Northamptonshire.(Posey, 2010). Through this activity recycling service is provided to the local community. This activity helps us to get the support of other people to support the development aid program organised for the poor people of the world.(Miller et al., 2015) Through this activity we came to know about the willing clothes users and it also provides employment to the people of Northampton and the developing c ountries. Our collection drivers are well trained so that they can take good care of the donations and they also keep the areas around the clothing bank neat and clean. The collection banks are maintained by our collection drivers. The activity of fund raising also includes sorting and sale of clothes. We have our own sorting centre which is situated in Corby. The garments that are collected are divided into many qualitative categories that are sorted by our five experienced sorters with the aim of increasing their market value. I had also taken part in the sorting activity of Planet Aid UK by sorting some of the clothes with the experienced sorters of the Planet Aid UK. Clothes are packed into polyester bags and are sold it to Poland, Hungary and Slovakia. We have long-term customer s in Europe who believes that they would receive good quality products. Women high-heels and boots are packed separately and men shoes are packed into bags. Some clothes are donated to Development Aid to UK charity shops in Northampton and some unpaired shoes are sold in Europe. Clothing Bank Manufacture is the third fundraising activity of the Planet Aid UK. After clothing collection, sorting and sale of clothes activities of Planet Aid clothing bank manufacture is another fund raising activity undertaken by us. Close to the Head Office of Planet Aid UK We have a small workshop in which we manufacture a community bank for our own use. Their one of the unique community bank is approximately one metre square is a new and more secure locking system and is suitable for those place which have limited amount of space. The purpose of placing this bank we supports local businesses, allowing other people like the citizens of the country to donate their clothes at their local shops. The community bank is manufactured only for the use of Planet Aid UK and is not provided for sale. 2/3rd of their experience workmen employ in the workshop who manufacture approximately 500 clothing banks per year. This production helps to raise funds for the projects in Africa and India. It is also a good learning environment for Development Instructors who works with the production of pumps in Africa. Their skills will be much appreciated. Conclusion The process of working collaboratively with community groups to address issues that affects the well-being of those groups is called community engagement. It is the process of developing relationships with community members who works side-by-side. Planet Aid UK is one of the examples of community engagement which aims at supporting Zimbabwean community in Northampton. Planet Aid UK wants to engage the youth of Zimbabwe with their own community. Development of awareness of the social and cultural aspects of food is the main paint of Planet Aid UK. On behalf of Planet Aid UK, Ix had adopted various techniques in order to fulfil the objectives. There are many methods and techniques are used in order to engage with the community. Planet Aid UK is also involved in fund raising activities. I had a great experience working with Planet Aid UK and learned a lot about the activities and the events they organise for the wellbeing of the society. References Authors, V. (2013).Roundtables.Psychology, Community Health, 2(2), pp.239-247. Brown, A. (2011). Biodiversity and world food security, nourishing the planet and its people. Deakin, A.C.T.: The Crawford Fund. Community Banks, Inc. (PA). (2007). Mergent's Dividend Achievers, 4(4), pp.73-73. Eskerod, P. and Jepsen, A. (2013).Project stakeholder management.Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Harris, J. (2004). Is Chiswick a 'Palladian' Garden?.Garden History, 32(1), p.124. Holloway, P. (2014). The practical science of planting trees.Arboricultural Journal, 36(1), pp.57-58. Miller, S., Srubar, W., Billington, S. and Lepech, M. (2015). Integrating durability-based service-life predictions with environmental impact assessments of natural fiberreinforced composite materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 99, pp.72-83. Posey, A. (2010).The warehouse. [S.l.]: Untreed Reads. Rosso, H. and Tempel, E. (2003).Hank Rosso'sAchieving excellence in fund raising. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Smith, L., Williamson, K. and Plec, J. (2010).Origins. New York: HarperTeen.

Slavery In The South Essays (1189 words) - , Term Papers

Slavery In The South Slavery in the South 1500-1863 Slavery of the Black man in America was the cruelest ever known to man. Europeans transported slaves from Africa as early as 1505. The African Slaves were first exploited on an island named Hispaniola, in the Caribbean by the Europeans to do labor work, before they were sent to the Americas. The women usually worked the interior cooking and cleaning while the men were sent out into the plantation fields to farm. These Africans were stripped of their homes, cultures, and languages. Slaves were treated like animals. The black man was not considered part of the human race then. Blacks were taught that their slavery was the way things were meant to be. The white man used religion and other institutions in order to justify slavery in the south. According to historians, slavery existed in the south because of the economical situation. However, this does not explain why Africans were enslaved in America. The desperation for people to work the fertile land of the south called for the need of slaves. In Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky the plantations grew tobacco. In South Carolina, rice was grown. Cotton plantation increased in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. These plantations needed people to work them. These plantations could not hire indentured servants; it would have been too expensive. Indians could not be enslaved because it was easier for them to revolt against their slave masters, the Americas being their home and all. Africans were the perfect victims because they were thousands of miles away from home. Therefore, it was hard for them to escape slavery. In addition, most of these Africans came from different tribes so communication was very hard amongst them. During the 1790, more than one thousand tons of cotton was produced every year in the South. Eventually, more than a million tons was produced every year. Slavery was the only answer. Between late 1700s and ear ly 1800s, slaves increased from 500,000 to 4 million. Out of all the slaves, the Black women were who suffered the most. Women were known to be inferior to men and Blacks were to be inferior to whites. Black women suffered a great deal during slavery. White women were discriminated, but they were treated according to their gender in society. In society back then the women's role was to stay home and cook, while the man's role was to go out and work. The black women did not have the privileged of just staying home. She had to work the fields or in the slave masters house, as well. The Black women had no gender she was treated just like a Black man and sometimes even worst. The severity of the punishments was equal amongst Black men and women. When the Black women became pregnant, she was still not excused from her daily chores. Slave masters used Black women for their sexual pleasure as well. After transportation of slaves from Africa to America became illegal, the need for female slaves became more important for slave masters. Slaves master began to produce slave on their plantation because the accessibility of slaves from Africa was diminishing. Thus, black women became breeders. Therefore, white slave masters raped the Black women not only for sexual pleasure, but to create new slaves that were going to replace the old ones. Sometimes the slave masters forced other Black men to have sex with Black women, while her husband was also forced to watch. Blacks carried a big burden because of slavery, but Black women had to carry an even bigger burden. After being raped, the Black women were assured that she was going to keep her child. Most of the times her child was sold off to another slave master, especially if she was a breeder. These divisions affected families of the slaves. The majority of the families were incomplete because most family members were often sold through slavery auction. So, Black male relatives took the role of a father figure. Everyone was brother and sister because the same institution was oppressing them. Aside from all other things the black woman had to do, she had to also be a teacher to her children. Slaves were

Slavery In The South Essays (1189 words) - , Term Papers

Slavery In The South Slavery in the South 1500-1863 Slavery of the Black man in America was the cruelest ever known to man. Europeans transported slaves from Africa as early as 1505. The African Slaves were first exploited on an island named Hispaniola, in the Caribbean by the Europeans to do labor work, before they were sent to the Americas. The women usually worked the interior cooking and cleaning while the men were sent out into the plantation fields to farm. These Africans were stripped of their homes, cultures, and languages. Slaves were treated like animals. The black man was not considered part of the human race then. Blacks were taught that their slavery was the way things were meant to be. The white man used religion and other institutions in order to justify slavery in the south. According to historians, slavery existed in the south because of the economical situation. However, this does not explain why Africans were enslaved in America. The desperation for people to work the fertile land of the south called for the need of slaves. In Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky the plantations grew tobacco. In South Carolina, rice was grown. Cotton plantation increased in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. These plantations needed people to work them. These plantations could not hire indentured servants; it would have been too expensive. Indians could not be enslaved because it was easier for them to revolt against their slave masters, the Americas being their home and all. Africans were the perfect victims because they were thousands of miles away from home. Therefore, it was hard for them to escape slavery. In addition, most of these Africans came from different tribes so communication was very hard amongst them. During the 1790, more than one thousand tons of cotton was produced every year in the South. Eventually, more than a million tons was produced every year. Slavery was the only answer. Between late 1700s and ear ly 1800s, slaves increased from 500,000 to 4 million. Out of all the slaves, the Black women were who suffered the most. Women were known to be inferior to men and Blacks were to be inferior to whites. Black women suffered a great deal during slavery. White women were discriminated, but they were treated according to their gender in society. In society back then the women's role was to stay home and cook, while the man's role was to go out and work. The black women did not have the privileged of just staying home. She had to work the fields or in the slave masters house, as well. The Black women had no gender she was treated just like a Black man and sometimes even worst. The severity of the punishments was equal amongst Black men and women. When the Black women became pregnant, she was still not excused from her daily chores. Slave masters used Black women for their sexual pleasure as well. After transportation of slaves from Africa to America became illegal, the need for female slaves became more important for slave masters. Slaves master began to produce slave on their plantation because the accessibility of slaves from Africa was diminishing. Thus, black women became breeders. Therefore, white slave masters raped the Black women not only for sexual pleasure, but to create new slaves that were going to replace the old ones. Sometimes the slave masters forced other Black men to have sex with Black women, while her husband was also forced to watch. Blacks carried a big burden because of slavery, but Black women had to carry an even bigger burden. After being raped, the Black women were assured that she was going to keep her child. Most of the times her child was sold off to another slave master, especially if she was a breeder. These divisions affected families of the slaves. The majority of the families were incomplete because most family members were often sold through slavery auction. So, Black male relatives took the role of a father figure. Everyone was brother and sister because the same institution was oppressing them. Aside from all other things the black woman had to do, she had to also be a teacher to her children. Slaves were

Slavery In The South Essays (1189 words) - , Term Papers

Slavery In The South Slavery in the South 1500-1863 Slavery of the Black man in America was the cruelest ever known to man. Europeans transported slaves from Africa as early as 1505. The African Slaves were first exploited on an island named Hispaniola, in the Caribbean by the Europeans to do labor work, before they were sent to the Americas. The women usually worked the interior cooking and cleaning while the men were sent out into the plantation fields to farm. These Africans were stripped of their homes, cultures, and languages. Slaves were treated like animals. The black man was not considered part of the human race then. Blacks were taught that their slavery was the way things were meant to be. The white man used religion and other institutions in order to justify slavery in the south. According to historians, slavery existed in the south because of the economical situation. However, this does not explain why Africans were enslaved in America. The desperation for people to work the fertile land of the south called for the need of slaves. In Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky the plantations grew tobacco. In South Carolina, rice was grown. Cotton plantation increased in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. These plantations needed people to work them. These plantations could not hire indentured servants; it would have been too expensive. Indians could not be enslaved because it was easier for them to revolt against their slave masters, the Americas being their home and all. Africans were the perfect victims because they were thousands of miles away from home. Therefore, it was hard for them to escape slavery. In addition, most of these Africans came from different tribes so communication was very hard amongst them. During the 1790, more than one thousand tons of cotton was produced every year in the South. Eventually, more than a million tons was produced every year. Slavery was the only answer. Between late 1700s and ear ly 1800s, slaves increased from 500,000 to 4 million. Out of all the slaves, the Black women were who suffered the most. Women were known to be inferior to men and Blacks were to be inferior to whites. Black women suffered a great deal during slavery. White women were discriminated, but they were treated according to their gender in society. In society back then the women's role was to stay home and cook, while the man's role was to go out and work. The black women did not have the privileged of just staying home. She had to work the fields or in the slave masters house, as well. The Black women had no gender she was treated just like a Black man and sometimes even worst. The severity of the punishments was equal amongst Black men and women. When the Black women became pregnant, she was still not excused from her daily chores. Slave masters used Black women for their sexual pleasure as well. After transportation of slaves from Africa to America became illegal, the need for female slaves became more important for slave masters. Slaves master began to produce slave on their plantation because the accessibility of slaves from Africa was diminishing. Thus, black women became breeders. Therefore, white slave masters raped the Black women not only for sexual pleasure, but to create new slaves that were going to replace the old ones. Sometimes the slave masters forced other Black men to have sex with Black women, while her husband was also forced to watch. Blacks carried a big burden because of slavery, but Black women had to carry an even bigger burden. After being raped, the Black women were assured that she was going to keep her child. Most of the times her child was sold off to another slave master, especially if she was a breeder. These divisions affected families of the slaves. The majority of the families were incomplete because most family members were often sold through slavery auction. So, Black male relatives took the role of a father figure. Everyone was brother and sister because the same institution was oppressing them. Aside from all other things the black woman had to do, she had to also be a teacher to her children. Slaves were

Racial Formation - Definition and Overview

Racial Formation - Definition and Overview Racial formation is the process, resulting from the interplay between social structure and everyday life, through which the meaning of race and racial categories are agreed upon and argued over. The concept comes form racial formation theory, a sociological theory  that focuses on the connections between how race shapes and is shaped by  social structure, and how racial categories are represented and given meaning in imagery, media, language, ideas, and everyday common sense. Racial formation theory frames the meaning of race as rooted in context and history, and thus as something that changes over time. Omi and Winants Racial Formation Theory In their book Racial Formation in the United States,  sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant define racial formation as â€Å"...the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed,† and explain that this process is accomplished by â€Å"historically situated projects in which human bodies and social structures are represented and organized.† â€Å"Projects,† here, refers to a representation of race that situates it in social structure. A racial project can take the form of common sense assumptions about racial groups, about whether or not race is significant in today’s society, or narratives and images that depict race and racial categories through mass media, for example. These situate race within social structure by, for instance, justifying why some people have less wealth or make more money than others on the basis of race, or, by pointing out that racism is alive and well, and that it impact s people’s experiences in society. Thus, Omi and Winant see the process of racial formation as directly and deeply connected to how â€Å"society is organized and ruled.† In this sense, race and the process of racial formation have important political and economic implications. Racial Formation is Composed of Racial Projects Central to their theory is the fact that race is used to signify differences amongst people, via racial projects, and that how these differences are signified connects to the organization of society. In the context of the U.S. society, the concept of race is used to signify physical differences amongst people but is also used to signify actual and perceived cultural, economic, and behavioral differences. By framing racial formation this way, Omi and Winant illustrate that because the way we understand, describe, and represent race is connected to how society is organized, then even our common sense understandings of race can have real and significant political and economic consequences for things like access to rights and resources.Their theory frames the relationship between racial projects and social structure as dialectical, meaning that the relationship between the two goes in both directions, and that change in one necessarily causes change in  the other. So, the outcomes of a racialized social structure- differentials in wealth, income, and assets on the basis of race, for example- shape what we believe to be true about racial categories. We then use race as a sort of shorthand to provide a set of assumptions about a person, which in turn shapes our expectations for a person’s behavior, beliefs, worldviews, and even intelligence. The ideas we develop about race then act back on the social structure in various political and economic ways. While some racial projects might be benign, progressive, or anti-racist, many are racist. Racial projects which represent certain racial groups as less than or deviant impact the structure of society by excluding some from employment opportunities, political office, educational opportunities, and subject some to police harassment, and  higher rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration. The Changeable Nature of Race Because the ever-unfolding process of racial formation is one carried out by racial projects, Omi and Winant point out that we all exist among and within them, and they inside of us. This means that we are constantly experiencing the ideological force of race in our everyday lives, and what we do and think in our everyday lives has an impact on social structure. This also means that we as individuals have the power to change the racialized social structure and eradicate racism by changing the way we represent, think about, talk about, and act in response to race.

The UAE 2 and 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The UAE 2 and 3 - Essay Example Nike Company was started by two visionary men that redefined the sportswear industry. Bill Bowerman worked as a field coach and Phil Knight was a middle distance runner at Oregon University. Phil Knight sent his footwear ideas to manufacturing companies in Japan after completing his MBA from Stanford University but his ideas were rejected. He was then associated with Tiger Shoes Company and sent free samples to his Oregon University field coach. The idea struck Bowerman and became his partner to form Nike Company (Nike Inc, 2012). The concept of CSR is the commitment of companies to act in accordance with ethical guidelines and to participate in economic development of the country to improve lives of the people. The main objective of a business is to earn economic profits, but if social objectives of the community are met then it can offer company with huge financial gains in the longer run. The companies that apply CSR must comply with norms, duties and laws of the particular society. Corporations have a duty towards a society as they have an impact on the decisions of companies. Ethical disposing of waste materials carried out by factories or strategic decisions made by a company are all counted CSR key activities (Schwartz, 2011). Nike has a strong ethical base for participating in community work and proving themselves to enhance the development of the society. Social objectives are maintained by the company to achieve them accordingly (Nike Inc, 2009). The company aims to minimize the utilization of toxic chemicals which are used as an ingredient to manufacture a product. Nike Inc has a stance that the wastes of toxic chemicals are damaging for the environment (Nike Inc, 2012). Nike support communities through innovation in their products and advocacy. The company has a target to invest more than 1.5% from the total amount of income before tax for community serving purposes (Nike Inc, 2012). Nike believes that corporate

Advertising Argument Paper. Coke Advertisements Research Paper

Advertising Argument . Coke Advertisements - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that the advertisement targets all groups of persons on each. The advertisement focuses on the young, old, not so young and the not so old people reading the advertisements. The advertising shown above is typical of bandwagon advertising. Under this type of advertising, the advertising is geared towards enticing the prospective client to go along with what the majority of the group, community, or society is engaging in – drinking a can of ice-cold coke. This researcher closely identifies with the product. This researcher always drinks a minimum of one bottle of coke each day. There are no traces of race –bias or race discrimination in the Coke advertisement. Likewise, there are no traces of race –bias or race discrimination in the Coke advertisement. In addition, there are no traces of class–bias or class discrimination in the coke advertisement. A coke can is shown on side of a coke refrigerator or cooler. The advertisement is does not contain word or written message to indicate the benefits of patronizing (drinking) a coke product. This paper makes a conclusion that the coke advertisements on a Coke refrigerator is very effective in generating more sales. Advertising increases on coke product sales. The toulmin style of argumentative essay clearly shows all aspects of the making a good argumentative paper. Indeed, advertising increases the desire to buy coke products when compared to coke products stocked inside an advertisement-free white painted refrigerator.

European Car Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Car Market - Essay Example In the real world, there is no such market as a perfect competition as every firm tries to differentiate its product from others and perfect competition involves perfect homogeneity. Perfect competition occurs where every characteristic of competition is known to the seller and as well as the buyer thus giving all information to the market. Due to the interaction of forces of demand and supply the market price stays for all thus the firms become price-takers and mainly compete on the terms of cost only. This raises the issue of profit maximization and firms in the perfect competition tend to increase their profits by only reducing costs. Further the point that perfect knowledge about the market means that despite of how much a firm produces it will get the same price throughout its production schedule as in a perfect market the average revenue is constant and so is the marginal revenue thus implying that the price elasticity is zero thus a decline or raise in price would bring about no change to the total revenue. In the perfect market, demand tends to stay constant throughout and since the firms are small, increment to the cost will only add up to the loss. The perfect market is more vulnerable to competition as there are many buyers and sellers. So the effect of entry and exit of a single supplier does not play a major role in upsetting the market whereas in the oligopolistic case, the effect of exit of any one firm plays a vital role in changing the entire market structure. Product Homogeneity and competition Product homogeneity is another factor that deters the taxonomy of the car industry as being perfect. In a perfect competition, the products are considered as homogenous thus they share the same attributes as of their rival products. This again reflects the point that this market is more prone to price changes and therefore entry and exit of firms will keep on happening. Consider that if the car market is to be called as perfect market then there would be many firms wanting to join the industry to reap better profits as it is a growing industry and so addition of new firms would keep on expanding the market thus there would be a time when the supply of cars will exceed the desired demand thereby causing a decline in price making many firms lose out. Thus only short term profits could be achieved and further it is possible that the losing firms may not be able to cover up their costs even. The point to be raised is that is there a substitute use of the machinery needed to manufacture cars Probably not as the technology required to build car engines would be in appropriate to be applied to Water-filters or cigarettes. In this case if the demand for cars falls so can the producer make a sudden move and go into the cigarette industry Never, it is difficult to shutdown large plants in a short period of time. Economies of Scale The point from which the economies of scale start is hard to attain at the momentary run. Economies of scale reflects the efficiency of the firm in the long run and in perfect competitio

My Favorite Summer Vacation :: Summer Vacation Essays

My favorite summer vacation was when my Father took me to Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. It was one of the most memorable experiences of my life. What made it even more memorable was the fact that it was my very first time on an airplane. I cannot recall another time in my life when I experienced so much joy. That trip to Universal Studios was the first time my Father and I actually did something together, just the two of us and was something brought me close to my Father. In this essay I will tell you about my plane ride over there, what I did right when I got there, and about my time at Universal Studios. I can still remember how excited I was before take off, I mean it felt like forever while we sat in the plane waiting to take off. Just all the anticipation that was inside of me had just made the wait even longer for me. Finally, I heard the pilot say 'prepare for take off'. When I heard those words I was so overjoyed I could hardly contain myself. That rush I got once the plane took off was an experience like no other. The plane ride was about hours long and I enjoyed every minute of it. Little did I know, that was less than half of the fun I was going to have at Orlando. After we got off the airplane, we rented a car and drove to my Uncle Joe?s house. We finally got there and then we all went out to eat dinner. We went to some Italian restraunt and boy was it good. To this day, I have never tasted anything as good as the Veal Picata I had that day. I ate so much that I could hardly move and once I got back to my uncle?s, I just passed out and went to bed. I had a big and exciting day ahead of me. I was going to Universal Studios and I couldn?t wait. The whole drive there I was just wondering what I was going to do and see over there. I mean I thought I thought I was excited about my plane ride there, but that wasn?t even half of what I was feeling at that time. Once I saw the roller coasters as we drove to Universal?s Island of Adventure my face just lit up like the sun.

Modern technology is enhancing social life

Technology is indispensable in solving modern problems, enhancing social life and ensuring a better future (Diamond 240). Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to reach among others industrial and commercial objectives of an organization or a society. It has cultural, organizational and technical aspects (Freeman and Francisco 142). Technology has become a powerful tool that is being used to improve social life and solve human problems like poverty and deceases. In addition, technology has increased the power of human beings to control and manipulate nature thereby enhancing our ability to adapt to the environment (Global Scenario Group Report 19).Despite all the benefits of technology, it has negative side effects like unemployment. It is therefore important to assess dangers and promises of a technology in order to formulate safeguards to eliminate its negative impacts or its misuse. It is also important to put limits on some technologies like biotechnology so as to harness their full potential without lowering the dignity of human beings (Freeman and Francisco 327).DiscussionThere are many areas in which technology impact positively in the society. The globalization of the internet for example, has extended and empowered the human network (Cisco Systems E25). It has changed positively the manner in which social, political, commercial and personal interactions are occurring. The internet presents a platform on which businesses can be run, emergencies can be addressed and individuals can be informed. It is being used to support education, science and government. (Global Scenario Group Report 24).Education has immense impact on a society. It trains the human mind to think and make right decisions. Through education, one acquires knowledge and information which can be used to solve problems like unemployment in a society (Cisco Systems E27). Technology enhances the processes of communication, collaboration and engagement which are fundamental bui lding blocks of education. It supports and enriches students learning experiences.It helps to deliver learning materials like interactive activities, assessments and feedbacks to a larger number of students faster and cheaper. In contrast to traditional learning methods which provide only two sources of expertise, that is, the textbook and the instructor which are limited in format and timing, online courses can contain voice, data and video which enhance understanding (Cisco Systems E30). Technology has thus removed geographical barriers to education and improved students’ learning experiences.Technology has facilitated the formation of global communities through social networks like facebook. This has fostered social interactions independent of geographical location (Global Scenario Group Report 27). The online communities enable sharing of valuable ideas and information capable of increasing productivity and opportunities in a society. For example, one can post to a forum to share health and treatment information with other members of the forum from all over the world. Though this kind of interaction is not physical, people are still able to share their social experiences and values more efficiently with people from diverse backgrounds.Technology has also helped to reduce poverty. Advancement in technology has led to new efficient sources of energy even to poor rural communities. The availability of cheap sources of energy opens up a society to investments and economic activities (Diamond 253). For example, technology has made it possible through genetic engineering to engineer crops that convert solar energy to fuels more efficiently.Governments are thus able to provide cheaper efficient sources of energy even to poor rural communities since solar energy is available virtually anywhere in the world (Freeman and Francisco 307).   Genetic engineering can also be used to create plants that produce valuable products like silicon chips for computers ef ficiently. This can result in improved income and living standards to members of a society. Technology can therefore bring about social revolution by enriching villages thereby attracting people and wealth from cities (Freeman and Francisco 331).Technology enables farms in remote places to function as part of the global economy. Through advancement in technology, agricultural outputs have improved thus ensuring food security. Technology helps farmers to avoid losses caused by natural disasters like drought. For example, a farmer can use a laptop enabled with a Global Positioning System to plant his or her crops with precision and efficiency resulting in high harvests.At harvest time, the farmer can use technology to co-ordinate harvesting with the availability of grain a transporter and storage facilities using mobile wireless technology. This can help to reduce losses caused by delays. The grain transporter can monitor the vehicle in-route to maintain the best fuel efficiency and s afe operation. In addition, through technology changes in status can be relayed to the driver of the vehicle instantly (Cisco Systems E34).   Technology has thus improved efficiency and effectiveness in the agricultural sector. It has enabled societies to have abundant healthy food.Modern technology is also widely used in the entertainment and travel industries. The internet has enabled people to share and enjoy many forms of recreation, regardless of their location. For example, one can explore different places interactively without having to visit them. Technology has also enabled the creation of new forms of entertainment, such as online games (Cisco Systems E36). Entertainment is important in a society since it reduce stress and problems caused by depression.Fears have been raised about some technologies such as nuclear weapons being used to cause massive destructions in the world (Freeman and Francisco 308). But the global community has the ability to enforce controls and lim its on technology use to ensure that technology is not misused.   A beneficial technology cannot therefore be abandoned when measures can be put in place to shape and direct its use. Moreover, governments in the form of regulatory institutions and professional bodies have the potential to regulate technologies that are susceptible to misuse to ensure that they do not impact negatively on values of the society (Freeman and Francisco 316).ConclusionTechnology is embedded in all aspects of our society and has extensive implications on culture and social activities. Technology has significantly improved health, agriculture, education, transport and communication sectors. These are critical sectors in any society as they contribute to development and improvement of living standards. Although some technologies might have side effects, measures can be put in place by governments and the international community to ensure that all technologies are used for the benefits of the society.Analy sis and evaluation1.The sources I used are qualified on the subject of technology and its social impacts. Cisco Corporation is a leading and credible technology firm. Its products are widely accepted all over the world. In the Cisco Corporate Social Responsibility Report of 2009 the organization outlined its key activities and how they contribute to the social welfare of the community. Cisco also offers certification courses that are very popular world wide.The Cisco Networking Academy Program is a good example of how technology can be used to enhance learning experience. In the program, the instructor provides a syllabus and establishes a preliminary schedule for completing the course content. The expertise of the instructor is supplemented with an interactive curriculum comprising of text, graphics, audio and animations. In addition, a tool called packet tracer is provided to build virtual representations of networks and emulate functions of various networking devices (Cisco Syste ms E31).Freeman and Francisco in their book give a lot of examples of how technology can be used to enhance social life. They also point out some side effects of modern technology and how they can be addressed. In addition, the publisher of this book, Oxford University Press is a credible publisher and the source can thus be relied on.Some social impacts of the modern technology are common in homes and workplaces. For example, the impacts of the internet on commerce are common. Majority of people have embraced electronic commerce and are buying goods and services online from the comfort of their homes. Electronic commerce has thus opened new doors of opportunities that are being exploited in the society.Diamond in his book explores the rise of civilization, discussing the evolution of agriculture and technology and their impact on the society. He gives clear examples of how technology has improved the social welfare of communities especially through improvements in agricultural prod uction. Some of the examples he gives are common and can easily be related to what is going around.The Global Scenario Group report is a credible source. Its main sponsors who include Stockholm Environment Institute, Rockefeller Foundation, the Nippon Foundation, and the United Nations Environment Programme are advocacy organizations in the fields of technology and the environment. The research explored the historical background of technology, the current situation and what the future might look like. It gives clear examples of major scientific discoveries that are driving technology and their potential impacts.If I had adequate time, I would do additional research to find more information on effective measures the international community can take to ensure that technology is not misused. I would particularly focus on tools the international community can employ to protect technology from irresponsible individuals like terrorists. This is because technology itself is not bad, but it is the human beings who in some cases use it irresponsibly. Therefore, if correct measures and controls are put in place technology can be used for the benefit of all in the society. This can eliminate fears and most of the side effects of technology.2a. Technology shapes institutions, values and day to day activities in our society. It affects identities, relationships, social structures and economic activities (Freeman and Francisco 316). Technology is thus inevitable in the modern world. The internet has enhanced our social, political, commercial and personal interactions enabling us to share information and ideas more efficiently. Technology has significantly improved the quality of education. It has enabled learning materials to reach a larger number of students efficiently and cheaply. An improvement in the quality of education enhances the social life of a community since it enables individuals to make creative decisions capable of solving social problems.Technology has faci litated the formation of online communities were members can share their diverse experiences and ideas. This has the potential of increasing productivity in a society. In addition, technology has helped to reduce poverty. It has resulted in efficient sources of energy even in rural areas thereby opening up rural areas for investments and developments. Modern technology has also improved efficiency in the agricultural sector therefore ensuring food security. Moreover, I discussed how modern technology has been used in the entertainment and travel industries to create new forms of entertainments like online games. Finally, I noted that although some technologies have side effects, governments and the international community have the potential to direct and control the use of technology for the benefit of the society.2b.Some of the evidences I used include the Cisco Networking Academy Program which is an example of how technology can be used to improve quality of education. The second evidence is of a farmer using a laptop enabled with a Global Positioning System to plant his crops with precision and efficiency. The example illustrates how technology can be used to improve agricultural production. The third evidence illustrates how genetic engineering can be used to engineer crops that convert solar energy to fuels more efficiently. The energy can then be used in the rural areas to create wealth and employment opportunities. Finally, I illustrated how technology has been used in the entertainment and travel industry to create new forms of entertainment like online games.2c.The major assumption I made is that the international community has the potential to control and direct the use of technology. This is only possible if there is peace and cooperation among all countries of the world. But this is not the case especially in the Middle East. The instability in countries like Iran and the existence of extremists have increased fears of technology being used to caus e massive destruction.3.Someone might ague that technology is a problem because we rely on it so much and that although it makes us better it also make us worse. My position is that in any human community there must be control and order. It is therefore the responsibility of governments to ensure that the society is protected from negative effects of technology.   Some people might point out the destructive effects of technology on the environment to ague against it. But if correct measures are put in place we will be able to assess the dangers and promises of any technology in order to formulate effective safeguards against its side effects.Works citedCisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Corporate Social Responsibility Report. cisco.com. Cisco Systems, Inc. 2009. Web. 2009.Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel:   The Fates of Human Societies. New York.   W.W. Norton. 1999. Web.Freeman, Chris and Francisco Louca. As Time Goes By:   From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Re volution. England. Oxford University Press. 2001. Web.Global Scenario Group Report. Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead.     gsg.org. Global Scenario Group. Web. 2002.

Research Paper on Outsourcing and Insourcing

Research Paper on Outsourcing and Insourcing Out-sourcing and In-sourcing Making sourcing decisions within an organization is considered to be a very significant aspect, which is often referred to as strategic decisions in regard to the kind of services or products will at the end be provided internally or externally. In-sourcing is a strategic decision making process that leads to utilization of experts from a different company employed as a turnkey global extension of the workforce and workplace of a company. This decision takes place without moving the project management and the existing decision-making control measures to an outside provider. In this mode of sourcing, the business in general is empowered with offshore development capital and the existing settlements that are attached directly with the process of project management (Belohlavek, 2007, p65). Outsourcing on the other hand is when the business function, such as a particular process, task, role or process, to another individual, who in this case is taken as a third party over a significant period of time. Control over the overall function is taken by the third-party organization and it turns out to be in charge the operation and success of the process. It is clearly understood that outsourcing begun as an accepted means of contracting previously done work within an identified company to a provider who is an outsider. This person must be the one who specializes in the existing job or operation. Therefore, outsourcing involves the process of transferring a noteworthy amount of management control and decision-making to another different organization (Murugan, 2007, p.102). Outsourcing Advantages The following are the common advantages of outsourcing: I Focus on Core Activities In times that growth is rapidly experienced, expansion is also experienced in the company’s back-office operations of a company. Such kind of expansion sometimes may start consuming the available resources, such as humankind and financial, at the expense of the main activities that have brought success to the company in general. When outsourcing is carried out over the identified activities, refocusing is critically allowed or enhanced over those identified business activities that are considered significant without surrendering the overall quality. II Cost And Efficiency Savings Through outsourcing, the company is able to carry out a number of functions within the office in an effective and successful way in achieving such results. This helps in having an effective costs and efficiency saving. III Reduced Overhead Overhead costs that are realized by performing a certain function of back-office are normally considered to be extremely high. For the purpose of trying to make sure that such functions within the office are easily moved, and at the end the overhead will be reduced. IV Operational Control Outsourcing is supposed to be considered in operations where costs have been found to be running out of management source. Various departments and units that may have developed over time into uncontrolled and also poorly managed regions are found to being main motivators for outsourcing. Also through this process, the company involved in outsourcing is able to bring in better management skills. V Staffing Flexibility Outsourcing has a way to allow better operations that normally have seasonal or recurring demands when it comes to the case of resource utilization. Where additional resources are brought in at the times of need and then release when the work is done. VI Risk management and continuity At times there is an increase in demand of employees and a company hires new ones due to the sudden rush in demand. After a while the company does not need the services of the employees and are forced to fire them and when demand of employees rises they do the same thing. In order to avoid this distrustful experience a company is advised to outsource for the skills. Example; A company’s accountant gets involved in a car accident and the assistant is on a month long leave you advised to outsource. VII Internal staff development. A company’s staff may acquire new skills from outsource on an area they didn’t know or understand fully. This will help the company not to need to outsource the next they want that task completed Outsourcing Disadvantages I Hidden costs You pay only for the services and products being offered as per the contract to the outsourcing company. Any other cost that may be incurred not in the contract is you that pay for it. Also in making of the contract you will need to hire a lawyer who you have to pay. II Loss of managerial control When any task or function is given to another company the managerial control is lost to the outsourcing company. This is a company driven to making profit and the completion of the task at hand as per the contract. III Threat to Security and Confidentiality In each and every company there are secrets confidential information and even secret code numbers used only by some few people this are very important details that should remain in the company alone and at times you are forced to share this details with the outsourced company. Some of these companies go ahead to misuse such information and its good come up with consequences to be met by those who bleach rules set by contract. This information may include pay rolls medical reports pin numbers and many more IV Quality Problems That’s what highly drives outsourcing companies. Due to this fact they tend to give under quality products and services by cutting down costs in their production methods as long as they are working under the contract rules and regulations. You end up loosing a lot at the end of the task you tasked out to the company V Tied to the Financial Well-Being of another Company By outsourcing a task or various tasks to a company, you now work under their financial aid and budgets. So in case of a financial constrain in the outsourcing company you will be affected as much as they are with the task you had given to them. Any business has financial problems hence it’s not uncommon for an outsourcing company to go bankrupt or being closed. VI Bad Publicity and Ill-Will People have different opinions on different situations and when it’s on outsourcing people who get the jobs are the people who see the good side and those that the jobs are snatched away from them have a totally different opinion on the idea. Advantages of In-sourcing I High degree of control The company that is in sourcing is highly involved in decision making and are in the managerial position in any task II Ability to oversee the entire program An in sourcing company is able to be available from the beginning of the task to the end and is well detailed about the whole task III Economies of scale and/or scope With every business activity they are involved they are in expansion and also go ahead in acquiring profit and more knowledge gathered. This really helps in the growth of a business by making more profit and acquiring new contacts in the process. Disadvantages of In-sourcing I In-sourcing require strategic Flexibility. You cannot just hire permanent people for a task scheduled for a short period of time hence you need to utilize the labor force available to them. II Required high investment You need a lot of money to be invested and only those who can afford it are able to invest and enjoy the good fruits of outsourcing. III Loss of access to superior products and services offered by potential suppliers You end up losing access to other products due to the reliability of inside corporate labor at your disposal. In spite of different disadvantages in outsourcing, it is the new trend to follow in the harsh environments of business, as it really helps improve a business. Reasons for Delegation of Management Authority In organizations people perform as unit so as to accomplish a task, and they do this by utilizing one another’s ability and comprehend one another in completion of tasks. Ones success lies upon the success of other peoples in an organization hence the success of any manager is determined by how well people are working as unit and producing positive results. Therefore, delegation of authority is the art of sharing of power or the stated authority for the purpose of performing a certain task in an effective manner. The following are viable reasons as to why delegation of management authority is carried out (Schniederjans, Schniederjans Schniederjans, 2005, p.106). Delegation of management authority eases the challenging jobs that a manager undertakes Through delegation of management authority, managers become effective in ensuring that their workload is distributed to others, and this works in favor of the manager, thus giving more time to concentrate on other functions of management. Creates an environment where subordinates are motivated When subordinates are motivated and operates within an environment that they appreciate, they are normally encouraged to be effective responsible when they have influence to do things as they wish, but within their responsibility and the policies that govern the business. They turn out to be more interested in whatever they are doing, become initiative and cautious over their safety in the field of work. Therefore, through delegation, employees are positively motivated and thus at the end leading to development of a better profile of manpower. Delegation of management authority assists in developing efficiency and immediate actions Delegation of authority acts as a time saver, a prospect that enables all employees to become effective when dealing with different problems within the system, hence being faster when taking decisions within the existing organizational structures. When dealing with issues to do with routine, it is of prudence that one has to believe in his abilities of doing better than taking the whole matter to the superiors. The reason of this action being that the whole issue heaves the general competence in an Organization. Assists in developing morale of employees Delegation of authority can in one way or another act as a morale boaster on employees, as they are assigned tasks and sustaining authority. They normally think that they are being taken as responsible employees and appreciated of what they are delivering in the organization. The overall impact of this projection is that attitude of all subordinates, especially towards the assigned duties, turns out to be more constructive benefiting. It is a way of developing team spirit within staff members This is achieved with the effect of having effective communication existing between the top management team and other employees. They become answerable to the organization’s top management team, and the top managers on the other hand are responsible for the overall performance of their employees, hence bringing better relations profile and the spirit of everyone in the organization. Ensures that cordial relationships within the organization is greatly enhanced Necessary authority is given out to subordinates only when superiors are able to trust and believe in them concerning better service delivery. The subordinates acknowledge their liability and this expands on the existing working relationships within the organization. Delegation of management authority fosters the concept of management development This is achieved through a process of standing-in as a preparation platform for management and development issues. Learning becomes a paramount issue within this environment, and subordinates gains an opportunity to learn, grow and even develop new significant traits and abilities. Therefore, it acts as a bank that creates a pool of executives, who will in turn, be of great importance to the organization. Ways in which management policies are influenced by environmental factors Management policies are sets of regulations that are developed for a given purpose, which allows organizations to manage and track all the happening within an organization, such as duration within which certain information is supposed to be retained or the actions supposed to be taken towards such information. Management policies acts like a legal platform, where all the structure within the organization are directed in a way of complying with the existing legal policy systems, or following the implementation of the existing business procedures within the organization. The following are ways how environmental factors influence management policies (Reda, Reifler Thatcher, 2005, p.87). a. Government Policies It has been found out that every organization normally depends to a large extent, on the structured government policies. Organizations do well in various states where the intention of their governments over the private industry is least. Government policy also assists in shaping how much financial support the organization is supposed to receive. Therefore, it affects the end product of an organization thorough tax-cut, exchange rates, and inflation, as all of them are under the control and evaluation of the government. They are the same policies that establish some of the most crucial economic factors that have been found to be affecting many organizations. b. Consumers influence Whenever a business opportunity is created, consumers are always the bottom line of the desired operation. Organizations generate services and goods to sell, but if the power of spending on the side of consumers reduces or become aversive to a certain type of good or service, then an organization is doomed to be affected incalculably. Therefore, it is of importance that all leaders within different organizations are in a position of gauging all changes experience, especially in tastes and preferences of the existing customers. This will assist then in being prepared for any contingency. c. Suppliers Another dynamic that has the possibility to get in the way with the growth of an identified business opportunity is its suppliers. If the suppliers do not have redoubtable competition within their business, it is of high chance that very high prices can be charged, particularly to business premises. If the suppliers fail to deliver their service or goods on time, the creditability of an organization is another aspect that will be affected, and in the end the whole process can be delayed. d. Society Social background play a significant role when it comes to developing prospects of a given business venture. This factor has come to existence with the materialization of multinational organizations and also with their entry in conventional markets. e. Competitors In the current global market, most of the organizations intensely compete with each other to entice consumers, but all in all, the consumer in this case is in a situation where he or she has many options to opt from. Hence, organizations on their part have to make sure that they are on their toes with all vigilance to counter their rivals. f. Location and Technology Geographical circumstances and the right to use technology have been found to be of significance over the overall growth of a business. If access to capital, people, technology, suppliers is difficult to be achieved by a business, then it also hard to merge with their rivals, and this is also hinder the accessibility to better and current technologies. The effect to this occurrence is experienced in the overall production and quality of the products and services, thus creating a significant impact on the development of an organization. Over the years, leaders in various organizations have come up with different ways that are supposed to determine working solution on existing issues for the purpose of anticipating viable changes within the organizational structure. They are also supposed to prepare their organizations to be in a position of enduring unexpected changes within the system. References Belohlavek, P., 2007, The Natural Organization of Outsourcing and In-sourcing, California, USA: Blue Eagle Group. Murugan, M. S., 2007, Management Principles and Practices, New Delhi, India: New Age International. Reda, J. F., Reifler, S. Thatcher, L. G., 2005, Compensation committee handbook, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Schniederjans, M. J., Schniederjans, A. S. Schniederjans, D. G., 2005, Outsourcing and in-sourcing in an international context, California, USA: M.E. Sharpe.